An examination of the prevalence of self-medication among residents of Owo Local Government Area, Ondo State.
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Background of the study:
Self-medication is a growing public health concern that often leads to misdiagnosis, drug resistance, and adverse health outcomes. In Owo Local Government Area, the ease of access to over-the-counter medications and traditional remedies has fostered a culture of self-medication among residents (Adetola, 2023). Economic constraints, long waiting times at health facilities, and a lack of trust in formal healthcare contribute to this phenomenon (Folarin, 2024). Studies have shown that while self-medication can offer short-term relief, it frequently results in inappropriate drug use and delayed treatment of serious conditions (Balogun, 2025). This research investigates the prevalence, determinants, and consequences of self-medication practices in the area. It aims to explore how factors such as educational background, income level, and cultural beliefs influence self-medication behaviors. By integrating survey data with qualitative interviews, the study will provide a comprehensive assessment of the risks and potential benefits associated with self-medication in Owo, thereby informing public health interventions aimed at promoting responsible medication use.
Statement of the problem:
In Owo Local Government Area, widespread self-medication has led to increased risks of drug misuse and adverse health effects. The trend is driven by limited access to formal healthcare and economic challenges, resulting in a public health issue that needs systematic investigation and intervention (Olu, 2023).
Objectives of the study:
1. To determine the prevalence of self-medication among residents.
2. To identify socio-economic and cultural factors that promote self-medication.
3. To propose strategies for mitigating the risks associated with self-medication.
Research questions:
1. How common is self-medication in Owo?
2. What socio-economic factors influence self-medication practices?
3. What interventions can reduce the risks of self-medication?
Research Hypotheses:
1. Self-medication is prevalent among residents due to economic and access challenges.
2. There is a significant association between educational level and self-medication practices.
3. Public health interventions will reduce the incidence of self-medication.
Significance of the study:
This study sheds light on the prevalence and determinants of self-medication, providing valuable data for health policymakers to design interventions that promote safe medication practices and improve overall public health in Owo (Taiwo, 2024).
Scope and limitations of the study:
This study is limited to examining self-medication practices among residents of Owo Local Government Area, focusing solely on local behavioral trends, socio-economic determinants, and related health outcomes.
Definitions of terms:
1. Self-Medication: The practice of using drugs or remedies without professional supervision.
2. Over-the-Counter Medications: Drugs available without a prescription for self-use.
3. Drug Resistance: A reduction in the effectiveness of a medication in curing a disease or condition.
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